Hinduism
Hindu Bunts Billavas Kulalas Mogaveeras Shivalli Brahmins
Tulu Dalits Gaud Saraswat Brahmins Saraswats Kota brahmins Havyaka Brahmins
Christanity
Mangalorean Catholics Mangalorean Protestants
Jainism
Jain Bunts Kannada Jains
Buddhism
Mangalorean Buddhists
Islam
Bearys Hanafis Bhatkalis Madrasies Nawayaths Mapilas Malbaris Bohris Memons
Friday, August 15, 2008
Sunday, August 10, 2008
Transport
Mangalore's city bus service is operated by private operators and provides access within city limits and beyond. Two distinct sets of routes for the buses exist – city routes are covered by city buses, while intercity routes are covered by service and express buses. Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation operates long distance bus services from Mangalore to other parts of the state. The other key players who run bus services from Mangalore are the Dakshina Kannada Bus Operators Association and the Canara Bus Operators Association These buses usually ply from the Mangalore Bus Station. White coloured taxis also traverse most of the city. Another mode for local transport is the autorickshaw.
Rail connectivity in Mangalore was established in 1907. Mangalore was also the starting point of India’s longest rail route. The city has two railway stations – Mangalore Central (located at Hampankatta) and Mangalore Junction (located at Kankanadi). A metre gauge railway track, built through the Western Ghats, connects Mangalore with Hassan. The broad gauge track connecting Mangalore to Bangalore via Hassan was opened to freight traffic in May 2006. Mangalore is also connected to Chennai through the Southern Railway and to Mumbai via the Konkan Railway.
The Mangalore Harbour is shipping, storage and logistical services, while the New Mangalore Port handles dry, bulk and fluid cargos. The New Mangalore Port is also well equipped to handle Petroleum Oil Lubricants , crude products and LPG containers. It is also the station for the Coast guard. This artificial harbour is India's ninth largest port, in terms of cargo handling, and is the only major port in Karnataka.
Mangalore International Airport is near Bajpe, and is located about 20 kilometres north-east of the city centre. It is the second airport in Karnataka to operate flights to international destinations.
Media
Major national English language newspapers such as The Hindu, Deccan Herald, Times of India and Indian Express publish localised Mangalore editions.Among Kannada newspapers, Udayavani, Vijaya Karnataka, Prajavani, Kannada Prabha and Varthabharathi are popular. Evening newspapers such as Karavali Ale, Mangalooru Mitra, Sanjevani and Jayakirana are also published in the city. The first Kannada language newspaper Mangalore Samachara was published from Mangalore in 1843.Periodical news papers in Tulu and konkani also publised.
Education
List of educational institutions in Mangalore
The pre-collegiate medium of instruction in schools is predominantly Kannada, while English and Kannada are predominant languages in private schools. Additionally, other media of instruction exist in Mangalore. The medium of instruction in educational institutions after matriculation in colleges is English.
Schools and colleges in Mangalore are either government-run or run by private trusts and individuals. The schools are affiliated with either the Karnataka State Board, Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), or the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) boards. After completing ten years of schooling in secondary education, students enroll in Higher Secondary School, specializing in one of the three streams – Arts, Commerce or Science. Since the 1980s, there have been a large number of professional institutions established in a variety of fields including engineering, medicine, dentistry, business management and hotel management. The earliest schools established in Mangalore were the Basel Evangelical School (1838) and Milagres School (1848). The Kasturba Medical College established in 1953, was India's first private medical college. Popular educational institutions in the city are Father Muller Medical College, National Institute of Technology (Karnataka), St. Aloysius' College, St. Joseph Engineering College, and Karnataka Polytechnic. The Bibliophile's Paradise, a hi-tech public library run by the Corporation Bank, is located at Mannagudda in Mangalore. Mangalore University was established on September 10, 1980. It caters to the higher educational needs of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu districts and is a National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accredited four-star level institution.
Canara College
Anjuman Engineering College(AICTE Approved),P. B. No 24, AnjumanabadBhatkal - 581 320
Yenepoya Dental College & Hospital,Nithynanda Nagar, Deralakatte, Mangalore � 57
K.V.G. Dental College & Hospital,Kurunjibag � 574237, Sullia - D.K.
A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Scie,Medical Complex, Deralakatte � 574 160
Srinivas College of Hotel Management,
The pre-collegiate medium of instruction in schools is predominantly Kannada, while English and Kannada are predominant languages in private schools. Additionally, other media of instruction exist in Mangalore. The medium of instruction in educational institutions after matriculation in colleges is English.
Schools and colleges in Mangalore are either government-run or run by private trusts and individuals. The schools are affiliated with either the Karnataka State Board, Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), or the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) boards. After completing ten years of schooling in secondary education, students enroll in Higher Secondary School, specializing in one of the three streams – Arts, Commerce or Science. Since the 1980s, there have been a large number of professional institutions established in a variety of fields including engineering, medicine, dentistry, business management and hotel management. The earliest schools established in Mangalore were the Basel Evangelical School (1838) and Milagres School (1848). The Kasturba Medical College established in 1953, was India's first private medical college. Popular educational institutions in the city are Father Muller Medical College, National Institute of Technology (Karnataka), St. Aloysius' College, St. Joseph Engineering College, and Karnataka Polytechnic. The Bibliophile's Paradise, a hi-tech public library run by the Corporation Bank, is located at Mannagudda in Mangalore. Mangalore University was established on September 10, 1980. It caters to the higher educational needs of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu districts and is a National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accredited four-star level institution.
Canara College
Anjuman Engineering College(AICTE Approved),P. B. No 24, AnjumanabadBhatkal - 581 320
Yenepoya Dental College & Hospital,Nithynanda Nagar, Deralakatte, Mangalore � 57
K.V.G. Dental College & Hospital,Kurunjibag � 574237, Sullia - D.K.
A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Scie,Medical Complex, Deralakatte � 574 160
Srinivas College of Hotel Management,
Culture
A resident of Mangalore is known as a Mangalorean in English, Kudladaru in Tulu, Kodialgharano in Catholic Konkani, Kodialchi or Manglurchi in Goud Saraswat Brahmin Konkani and Manglurnavaru in Kannada. Classical dance forms and folk art are popular in the city. The Yakshagana, a night-long dance and drama performance, is held in Mangalore,Hulivesha (literally, Tiger Dance), a folk dance unique to the city, is performed during Dasara and Krishna Janmashtami, fascinating the young and old alike.Karadi Vesha (Bear Dance) is another popular dance performed during Dasara in Mangalore.Paddanas (Ballad-like epics passed on through generations by word of mouth) are sung by a community of impersonators in Tulu and are usually accompanied by the rhythmic drum beats. The Bearys' unique traditions are reflected in such folk songs as kolkai (sung during kolata, a valour folk-dance during which sticks used as props), unjal pat (traditional lullaby), The Eucharistic procession is an annual Catholic religious procession led on the first Sunday of each New Year. Srimanthi Bai Museum, located in Bejai, is the only museum of Mangalore.
Most of the popular Indian festivals are celebrated in the city, the most important being Dussera, Diwali, Christmas, Easter, Eid, and Ganesh Chaturthi. Kodial Theru, also known as Mangaluru Rathotsava (Mangalore Car Festival) is a festival unique to the GSB community, and is celebrated at the Sri Venkatramana Temple. The Catholic community's unique festivals include Monti Fest (Mother Mary's feast), which celebrates the Nativity feast and the blessing of new harvests. The Jain Milan, a committee comprising Jain families of Mangalore, organises the Jain Food festival annually, while festivals such as Mosaru Kudike, which is part of Krishna Janmashtami festival, is celebrated by the whole community. Aati, a festival worshiping Kalanja, a patron spirit of the city, occurs during the Aashaadha month of Hindu calendar. Festivals such as Karavali Utsav and Kudlostava are highlighted by national and state-level performances in dance, drama and music.Bhuta Kola (spirit worship), is usually performed by the Tuluva community at night. Nagaradhane (snake worship) is performed in the city in praise of Naga Devatha (the Serpent King), who is said to be the protector of all snakes.
The Tulu community's well-known dishes include Kori Rotti (dry rice flakes dipped in gravy), Bangude Pulimunchi (silver-grey mackerels), Beeja-Manoli Upkari, Neer dosa (lacy rice-crêpes), Boothai Gasi, Kadubu, and Patrode. The Konkani community's specialities include Daali thoy, beebe-upkari (cashew based), val val, avnas ambe sasam, Kadgi chakko, paagila podi, and chana gashi. Vegetarian cuisine in Mangalore, also known as Udupi cuisine, is known and liked throughout the state and region. Since Mangalore is a coastal town, fish forms the staple diet of most people. Mangalorean Catholics' Sanna-Dukra Maas (Sanna – idli fluffed with toddy or yeast; Dukra Maas – Pork), Pork Bafat, Sorpotel and the Mutton Biryani of the Muslims are well-known dishes. Pickles such as happala, sandige and puli munchi are unique to Mangalore. Shendi (toddy), a country liquor prepared from coconut flower sap, is popular.Mangalorean cuisine is largely influenced by the South Indian cuisine, with several cuisines being unique to the diverse communities of the city. Coconut and curry leaves are common ingredients to most Mangalorean Curry, as are ginger, garlic and chili. Mangalorean Fish Curry is popular dish in Canara.
Most of the popular Indian festivals are celebrated in the city, the most important being Dussera, Diwali, Christmas, Easter, Eid, and Ganesh Chaturthi. Kodial Theru, also known as Mangaluru Rathotsava (Mangalore Car Festival) is a festival unique to the GSB community, and is celebrated at the Sri Venkatramana Temple. The Catholic community's unique festivals include Monti Fest (Mother Mary's feast), which celebrates the Nativity feast and the blessing of new harvests. The Jain Milan, a committee comprising Jain families of Mangalore, organises the Jain Food festival annually, while festivals such as Mosaru Kudike, which is part of Krishna Janmashtami festival, is celebrated by the whole community. Aati, a festival worshiping Kalanja, a patron spirit of the city, occurs during the Aashaadha month of Hindu calendar. Festivals such as Karavali Utsav and Kudlostava are highlighted by national and state-level performances in dance, drama and music.Bhuta Kola (spirit worship), is usually performed by the Tuluva community at night. Nagaradhane (snake worship) is performed in the city in praise of Naga Devatha (the Serpent King), who is said to be the protector of all snakes.
The Tulu community's well-known dishes include Kori Rotti (dry rice flakes dipped in gravy), Bangude Pulimunchi (silver-grey mackerels), Beeja-Manoli Upkari, Neer dosa (lacy rice-crêpes), Boothai Gasi, Kadubu, and Patrode. The Konkani community's specialities include Daali thoy, beebe-upkari (cashew based), val val, avnas ambe sasam, Kadgi chakko, paagila podi, and chana gashi. Vegetarian cuisine in Mangalore, also known as Udupi cuisine, is known and liked throughout the state and region. Since Mangalore is a coastal town, fish forms the staple diet of most people. Mangalorean Catholics' Sanna-Dukra Maas (Sanna – idli fluffed with toddy or yeast; Dukra Maas – Pork), Pork Bafat, Sorpotel and the Mutton Biryani of the Muslims are well-known dishes. Pickles such as happala, sandige and puli munchi are unique to Mangalore. Shendi (toddy), a country liquor prepared from coconut flower sap, is popular.Mangalorean cuisine is largely influenced by the South Indian cuisine, with several cuisines being unique to the diverse communities of the city. Coconut and curry leaves are common ingredients to most Mangalorean Curry, as are ginger, garlic and chili. Mangalorean Fish Curry is popular dish in Canara.
Climate
Mangalore has a tropical climate; summer and winter months experience similar temperate conditions, with average temperatures ranging from 27 °C (81 °F) to 34 °C (93 °F). Humidity is approximately 78% on average, and peaks during the months of May, June and July. The maximum average humidity is 93% in the month of July and average minimum humidity is 56% in the month of January. Under the Köppen climate classification, Manglore belongs to the Tropical/megathermal zone and is under the direct influence of the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West monsoon. It receives about 90% of its total annual rainfall within a period of about six months from May to October, while remaining extremely dry from December to March.The annual precipitation in Mangalore is 4,242.5 millimetres .
The most pleasant months in Mangalore are from December to February, during which time the humidity and heat are at their lowest. During this period, temperatures during the day stay below 30 °C (86 °F) and drop to about 19 °C (66 °F) at night. This season is soon followed by a hot summer, from March to May, when temperatures rise as high as 38 °C (100 °F). The summer gives way to the monsoon season, when the city experiences more precipitation than most urban centres in India, due to the Western Ghats. Rainfall up to 4,000 millimetres be recorded during the period from June to September. The rains subside in September, with the occasional rainfall in October.
The most pleasant months in Mangalore are from December to February, during which time the humidity and heat are at their lowest. During this period, temperatures during the day stay below 30 °C (86 °F) and drop to about 19 °C (66 °F) at night. This season is soon followed by a hot summer, from March to May, when temperatures rise as high as 38 °C (100 °F). The summer gives way to the monsoon season, when the city experiences more precipitation than most urban centres in India, due to the Western Ghats. Rainfall up to 4,000 millimetres be recorded during the period from June to September. The rains subside in September, with the occasional rainfall in October.
SITE SEEING PLACES
Kudroli Sri Gokarnanatheshwara Temple: Kudroli Gokarnath Temple is situated 3km away from main city area. Recently, this temple has been renovated and now it is one of the tourist attraction places in Mangalore.
Kadri Sri Manjunatha Temple Kadri is another ancient historic spot in Mangalore. The Kadri Temple dating back to about 1068 A.D. with its nine tanks, its square temple, nestling at the foot of the highest hill, draws to Mangalore hundreds of visitors annually. The Lokeshwara bronze statue of the Kadri Manjunatha Temple is tipped to be the best bronze statue in India. On top of the hill King Kundavarma Bhupendra built a mutt, which came to be called 'Jogimutt'. There are some stone caves on top of the hill, which are known as the caves of the Pandavas.
Mangaladevi Temple: This city is called as Mangalore just because of this temple.It is situated 3 Km away from main City Bus stand.This temple was built by the Ballal family of Attavar in memory of a Princess of Kerala.
New Mangalore Port: It is situated 10 Km. away from main City . It is the ninth biggest port of India. One can visit the port by getting the permission from the proper authority. St. Aloysious Chapel: St. Aloysius Church is situated 1 km away from the city's main center. The walls of the church are covered with the paintings of the artist Antony Moshaini of Italy. The church was built in the year 1899-1900. St. Aloysius College Chapel, an architectural gem, comparable with the Sistine chapel in Rome, is situated on lighthouse hill. The special beauty of the chapel is the wonderful series of paintings that virtually cover every inch of the interior roof and walls.
Surathkal Beach: This picturesque beach is known for it's clean surrounding and it's light house. This beach is a few minutes away from Karnataka Regional Engineering College (K.R.E.C).
Sulthan Battery: It is situated in Boloor, 6 Km. away from Mangalore City Bus Stand. It was built in Black Stones by Tippu Sulthan to prevent warships to enter Gurpur river. Now the remaining part of the fort is called as Tippu's Well. It is today a deserted spot but its construction is bafflingly exquisite. Although it is a watchtower, it gives the impression of a miniature fortress with its arrangements for mounting cannons all-round. How to Reach: Three National Highways pass through Mangalore city corporation i.e; N.H. 17, N.H.48, N.H. 13. A domestic Airport is located at Bajpe, which is 15 km from city, connecting it to Mumbai and Bangalore. Mangalore is also linked by railways to all major cities of India. And is also having All Season See Port (New Mangalore Port Trust, Panamboor) connects to the other countries of the world.
Mythological associations:
According to Hindu Mythology, the region covering Mangalore is part of Parashurama Shristi, the coastal belt reclaimed from the sea by the legendary sage Parashurama. He crowned a king known as Bhanu Vikrama, who appointed one of his brothers, Udayavarma to rule the territory between Payaswini river in the south and Gokarna in the north. As for other mythological associations, Rama was the Lord of Tuluvanad during the days of the Ramayana; and Sahadeva, the youngest of the Pandavas, was the Governor of this place during the days of the Mahabharatha. The Pandavas lived in Banavasi during their exile visiting Sarapadi near Mangalore. Arjuna, the hero of Mahabharata also appears to have visited this place when he travelled from Gokarna to Adur near Kasargod.
MANGALORE–THE CITY NAME
The name ‘Mangalore’ is the anglicised version of ‘Mangaluru’, the name for the city in the local Kannada language. The Malayalam language variant of the same is ‘Mangalapuram’. One of the earliest references to this name is made by Pandya King Chettian, who called the city as ‘Managalapuram’ in 715 AD. Yet another historical reference is by the 11th century Arabian traveler Ibn Batuta, whose chronicles refer to Mangalore as ‘Manjarur’. This variation in spelling is attributed to the pronunciation gap between and Arabic and the local language.
It is believed that the city derived its name from the temple of Goddess Mangaladevi. ‘Mangaluru’ literally means ‘the city of Mangala’. According to legend Matsyendranatha, one of the important propounders of the Nath cult had arrived at Mangalore with the princess of Kerala, Premaladevi. He named her Mangaladevi. It is believed that they could not proceed further as Mangaladevi died after a brief period of illness and a temple was consecrated in her name at Bolar. Later the Mangaladevi was renovated by the Alupa king Kundavarma in 968 AD.
In the native Tulu language, the city is known as ‘Kudla’ meaning ‘junction’ as the city is situated at the confluence of the two rivers – Netharavathi and Phalguni. The Konkani language variant of this ‘Kodial’. The region covering Mangalore is known locally as ‘Tulunadu’, on account of the predominance of Tulu language.
Yet another name for the city is ‘Mikala’, which is the name used by the Muslims of the nearby towns of Manjeshwar and Kasargod to refer to Mangalore. ‘Mikala’, in their language means ‘wood charcoal’ and this is attributed to the earlier practice of producing charcoal from wood on the banks of the river Nethravathi.
Mangalore City is having several places of religious/tourist importance, a few of which could be named as Mangala Devi Temple (city being named by this temple), Kadri Manjunatheswara Temple, Kudroli Gokarnatheshwara Temple, Venkataraman Temple at Carstreet, Ganapathi Temple at Hampankatta, Shreemanthi Bai Memorial Musium at Bejai., Pelikula Nisargdhama, Vamanjoor, Panambur and Surathkal Beach, Tagore Park at light house Hill, Kadri park, St. Aloysius Chapel, Rosario Church, , Milagreese Church, Jumma Masjid Bundar, Idgah Masjid at Lighthousehill, Sulthan Batheri, New Mangalore Port at Panamboor, etc. There is ample scope for tourist Development project.
The major industries in Mangalore are Mangalore Chemical and Fertilizers Ltd. Kudhuremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd. Mangalore Refinary and Petrochemicals Ltd etc. Mangalore Tiles are famous in all over world since ancient time. Beedi rolling industry is also famous in Mangalore.
Major Banks of the India are originated from this town. It is also famous for educational institutions.
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